Twenty Four Years Later

Forward:   After I first finished and polished this piece (2018), I decided to let it rest overnight and revisit it this morning. This was based on my concern that rehashing events of 24 years ago was a sort of retrograde finger pointing. Upon further consideration, I decided that there are still too many parallels in the here and now to make that a valid objection. I further reflected that we as a national policy (apparently) are currently engaged in dithering over both parties principally responsible for current Arab-Israeli tensions. While Trump visited the Saudis and massaged what-ever the hell that large glowing orb was and called the Prince a “nice” man (yeah, he calls Putin that too!), he supported Netanyahu’s urban removal incursions into Palestinian areas. We currently are all too familiar with the result thereof.  He also chastises any American Jews with conscience who find Netanyahu and his militant policies objectionable. It’s as if Tucker Carlson and Ann Coulter had a mentally challenged love child.

        Consequently, while this is significantly longer than many of my opuses, it is data based and, I think, explains why we mourn on September 11, as well as pointing out that we were poorly served, security wise, then and now in the name of political expediency and personal interests. I don’t do these for personal approbation, and this may anger some, but I would welcome any constructive comments or criticisms. Having said that, enjoy it or not, here’s my best take, salted with opinion based on facts, on what happened and why. P.S. there’s a bit of a history lesson here too. 

        To begin with, wouldn’t it be far better to have spent yesterday reflecting on a thwarted attempt, than simply commemorating over 3,000 dead? It might, and could/should have been, but obviously we’ll never know. What we can “know” is that there are public records which show just how badly Bush 43 and his National “security?” aides botched what was a fairly straight- forward problem in the months prior to 9/11. I’ll summarize before rather than after. I know it’s backwards, but it may help focus the reader’s appreciation of individual items.\

        Several things are factual and no longer either debated of “covered up:”

 1) The Clinton administration left the Bush White House and national security team with a full terrorist threat briefing identifying Al-Qaeda as the top threat and had, in the last year of tenure, identified anti-terrorism as the nations’ top priority.

 

2) The FBI and the CIA, functioning more like schoolyard mean girls than agencies entrusted with national domestic and foreign security, failed on two fatal levels.  The first was to get over adolescent turf squabbles and understand that in the 21st century, there is, at best, an increasingly vague interface between domestic and external threats.

3) Failing to understand (or at least to act upon) (2), above led to an institutionalized aversion to interagency cooperation and even worse, refusal to share data access between the agencies. In fact, both heads of agency post WWII, FBI director J. Edgar Hoover and (first) CIA director James Jesus Angleton were frequently at odds even then to the point that what should have been overlapping goals such as  dealing with espionage inside the US, degenerated into interdepartmental urination derbies, each blaming the other for perceived failures. 

4) The relationship between several US Presidents and the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, while falling short of complicity in 9/11 events, fostered a less than rigorous scrutiny of its internal dynamic and external goals. This would seem to be on-going as one regards the Trump administration’s apparent blind eye to the assassination and dismemberment of Jamal Khashoggi at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018 by agents of the Saudi government. Subsequently, the Turkish government (who had bugged the consulate) released a tape with Khashoggi’s last words (“I can’t breathe”) which they maintain contains evidence that Khashoggi was assassinated on the orders of the Saudi Royal Family. Additionally, the CIA, which Trump largely ignores, has categorically concluded that the Al Saud royal family would have had to sanction such an activity, Trump has consistently refused to consider that his buddy, Prince Mohammed ben Salman could have done such a thing. Here’s a quote on Trump’s keen sense of propriety.  Speaking to the press: “Trump more broadly defended his relationships with world leaders, including the Saudis and Russian President Vladimir Putin, saying he gets "along with a lot of people."  "I get along with everybody, except you people, (meaning the press)" Trump told Acosta. "I also get along with people who would be perceived as being very nice." "I get along with President Putin. I get along with Mohammed," Trump said.  Isn’t that “very nice?” That’s today, but what about “then?”

        First: Why did it take 15 years for the US House to even address the issue of Saudi complicity to the point of liability for the events of 9/11? What follows is based only on my assumptions based on research re: The Bush family and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and my knowledge of the mentality of the (then Republican) House majority party.

        Bob Woodward in his authorized bio of "W" pointed out that the late George H.W. Bush advised his son to contact Saudi Prince Bandar to discuss and "be advised" regarding his (as of then) possible decision to run for the Presidency. Read that again. Huh? Did he need permission, or just assurances of support from a mid-east nation? This, as well as deep and longstanding Bush financial relations with the Kingdom should be troubling to most Americans.

        At this point let's ask and then pose answers to the original question.  Why did the Bush administration in its righteous anger in the wake of the destruction of 9/11, or at least after the Commission report, containing the redacted pages, not pose legislation critical of and citing probative evidence of Saudi complicity? Additionally, why wait until the Obama years to push a bill even allowing US citizens to sue the Saudi government for it?

         I would posit several reasons.  Primarily, the Bush administration, having taken office planning to "finish" daddy's Iraq adventure (later admitted by disillusioned staff), saw the need to base US forces in the Kingdom as more important than holding the Saudis accountable for the funding which Osama Bin Laden derived from his family's immense wealth.  Second, the President would certainly have vetoed such a bill, since in the real world it would expose the US to similar suits from most Middle Eastern nations, Laos, Cambodia, and others.

         Jump ahead to the Obama administration, and a US Congress controlled (again) by Republicans, most of whom delighted in using the ignorance of the body politic against a President whose laundry they weren't fit to wash. The “permission to sue” bill's timing was blatantly designed to force the President to veto it (as Bush would have) and then the finger pointing started, stimulating oral frothing and finger pointing from the redneck hordes who chronically know little and suspect even less.

       Immediately the Clinton-Obama bashing ramped up. The Bill was vetoed and subsequently overridden, creating bad law after even worse poor policy.  Incidentally, this apparent pang of sympathy for 9/11 victims with all the resultant lobbying monies spent by the NFL, MLB and other public persona organizations would be far better used in helping those 9/11 first responders and escapees whose medical issues continued to emerge, largely unrecognized or compensated by the rest of us.

        Having referred to the 9/11 Commission Report, I think it reasonable to make some legitimate comparisons between this "fact" finding attempt and the investigations into other, albeit less profound in their scope, events resulting in American deaths at the hands of Islamist extremists.

       There were attacks on several US installations in Lebanon in the Reagan years. I have earlier detailed the results of these events and Congressional reactions. There is no credible linkage between events in Lebanon and the Saudis, but Congressional reaction was bi-partisan.

       I debated (with myself, because I trust me) regarding which "commission" to discuss next, and simply because I want the 9/11 information to remain in the reader's mind, I'll omit Benghazi, having written on that debacle at length earlier. 

 

        Which brings me to the 9/11 Commission. Right up front, I have no time for conspiracy theories.  No, I don't think "W" did it or intentionally allowed it to happen. I believe that those who were ultimately blamed for it, did it, more than likely with the financial support of Saudi money, albeit probably not overtly supported or contributed to by the Saudi government, but rather from other Saudi sources, coupled with institutional agreement among Saudi royals that the best way to deal with their extremist, ultra Islamist, Wahabi driven elements within and without was to ignore them and their support of international terrorist activities in the interest of domestic stability at home.

         So, what is this Wahabi? It isn't a sushi condiment even though it sounds like Wasabi.  I could write a lot on Wahabism and its impact on the kingdom, but, for a more easily understood narrative, let’s look it thus:

       Imagine one Muslim, but not especially conservative, family whose patriarch manages to survive a great war (WWI) and with the assistance of T.E Lawrence, emerges as a self- proclaimed  Arab leader asserting a claim to be the ruling family of a disparate, but soon to be oil rich, kingdom and unified by 1932 as Saudi Arabia. Faced with oil wealth and the desire to become more accepted by an emerging modern world, they begin allowing more secular dress and activities than their predecessors who were conservative and largely tribal.  Meanwhile, however, out in the rural areas, a far more conservative preacher (mullah) begins preaching a grass roots revival stressing a return to absolute and literal Quran principles. Think Westboro Baptist Church with a liberal splash of Calvinist zeal and a dash of uber-Amish conservatism. His (the mullah Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab) adherents, simple people, and easily swayed to violence against any non-coreligionists, are seen by the urban and more urbane royals as a threat to their claim to power, so the royals, make a self-serving deal. They’ll support the ultra-conservative sect as the national religious doctrine in exchange for the sect’s support of their claim to power. Clubs, once frequented by both sexes in cities like Riyadh in the 1960s are closed, Burqas and Hijabs are mandated, women are relegated to second class status, etc. Enforcement is provided and mandated by The Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice. Welcome to the 21st century Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. An even more sinister spin off of this deal with the Devil, is the blind eye turned to terrorist activities by some of their own.    

Now that we've established what history has wrought, let's look at the 9/11 commission.

         The 9/11 Commission members were appointed by President George W. Bush and the United States Congress, which led to continued criticism that the Commission was not independent. Nixon SecState Henry Kissinger initially was appointed to head the commission, but resigned just weeks after being appointed, because he would have been obliged to disclose the clients of his private consulting business. Former U.S. Senator George Mitchell was originally appointed as the vice-chairman, but he stepped down on December 10, 2002, not wanting to sever ties to his law firm. So, finally, the Commission wasn't chaired by the "opposition party" but rather by men selected by the leader of the majority, himself. Hmmm. The Commission stated in its report that their aim was "... not to assign individual blame", a rather remarkable statement in and of itself, since so many died, someone certainly was to blame, and every single identified perpetrator was a Saudi and their financial supporters were as well. The "other" blame - "why was it possible," was also, apparently not to be probed too deeply.

         This judgment, some critics believed, could obscure the facts of the matter in a nod to consensus politics, as directed by the White House, if not specifically the President (more likely Dick Cheney, I believe) Factually, much of the orchestration of this was from the brains of Karl Rove and VP Cheney.    

        Some members of the Commission, as well as its executive director Philip Zelikow, had conflicts of interest. Philip Shenon, a New York Times reporter, in a February 2008 book  entitled "The Commission: The Uncensored History of the 9/11 Investigation" states that "Zelikow had closer ties with the White House than he publicly disclosed and that he tried to influence the final report in ways that the staff often perceived as limiting the Bush administration’s responsibility and furthering its anti-Iraq agenda."

|         Translate this as a desire to do what damage control could be done to shift blame to Iraq for what was a Saudi money funded and run assault on America. And boy did that work! Many Americans still will say that Iraq was responsible for events of 9/11.  According to Shenon (and uncontroverted), Zelikow had at least four private conversations with former White House political director Karl Rove, and appears to have had many frequent telephone conversations with people in the White House. Government Accountability Office (GAO) records show his frequent calls to the 456 telephone exchange in the 202 area code used exclusively by the White House. Some panel staff members have later stated that Zelikow stopped them from submitting a report depicting Nat'l Sec. Advisor, Condoleezza Rice's and President Bush's performance as "amounting to incompetence or something not far from it".

       According to Shenon, Karl Rove always feared that a commission report that laid the blame for 9/11 at the president's doorstep (such as when Bush terrorism "czar" Richard Clarke could no longer be prevented from testifying about his urgent warnings over the summer of 2001 to Condoleezza Rice about the imminent threat of terrorist attack on US soil) was the one development that could most jeopardize Bush's 2004 re-election. As early as Jan. 25, in a memo only subsequently declassified, Clarke was very specific in warnings to Rice that "Al Qida" (sic) was a serious domestic threat and shared his concern that the administration wasn't focused on it in spite of fairly specific Clinton departure brief warnings.

        In contrast to the Benghazi hearings in which all the relevant persons were summoned, sworn and examined at the will of the panel, President Bush and Vice President Cheney did ultimately, but after considerable stalling, agree to testify. They did so only under several conditions: They would be allowed to testify jointly, They would not be required to take an oath before testifying, The testimony would not be recorded electronically or transcribed, and that the only record would be notes taken by one of the commission staffers. These notes would never be made public. Plainly stated, they didn't want to testify, but would do so if they could lie (or dissemble or mislead) and not be held accountable.

        To further hinder and filter the flow of information, The Commission was forced to use subpoenas simply to obtain the cooperation of the FAA and NORAD (Federal Aviation Administration and North American Air Defense Command) to release evidence such as audiotapes. The agencies' seemingly systematic and apparently White House “encouraged”  reluctance to release tapes, and subsequent, e-mails, erroneous public statements and other evidence led some of the panel's staff members and commissioners to believe that authorities sought to mislead the commission and the public about what happened on September 11. Later, in an August 2006 interview former New Jersey Atty. Gen. John Farmer, who led the staff inquiry into events on September 11, stated, "I was shocked at how different the truth was from the way it was described," said.

       A significant number of former FBI, NSA and other federal intelligence experts, claim the 9/11 Commission report was fundamentally flawed because the Commission refused to hear, ignored, or censored testimony about the many pre–September 11 warnings given to the FBI and US intelligence agencies. (Again, because it lent credibility to the Bush/Rice incompetence theory.) These former operatives claim that, in an effort to avoid having to hold any individual accountable, the 9/11 Commission turned a blind eye on FBI agent-provided evidence before September 11 regarding the 9/11 plot. Note, this may be taken with several grains of salt because it also smacks of “ass-covering” by the FBI.

       Able Danger: A far less publicized intelligence unit involved in pre-9/11 threat assessment was a military unit designated "Able Danger."  Most Americans have never heard of it, and even fewer had knowledge of it pre-9/11. One reason was that by custom, tradition and, in fact, law, US military resources are forbidden from engaging in any sort of domestic surveillance, some of which Able Danger came very close to doing. That said, several members of this unit have, in the wake of the Commission report, made some significant statements which have bearing on this essay. The existence of Able Danger was revealed by Congressman Curt Weldon (R-Pa) in 2005, after the 9/11 Commission report began to look to him like a "cover up" (his characterization) for intelligence failures. During the summer of 2005, Weldon, vice-chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, revealed the existence of a secret Pentagon counter-terrorism operation codenamed Able Danger, which he claimed had identified Mohammed Atta, alleged, and later confirmed,  ringleader of the 9/11 attacks, as early as 1999.

        It has been widely reported in Europe that Atta was known to US intelligence agencies and was actually under FBI surveillance in Germany as early as 1999, which seriously  undermines  Bush administration claims that the 9/11 attacks came out of the blue and that the US government had no idea before September 2001 that Al Qaeda terrorists were in the United States planning terrorist attacks.  This information has been largely suppressed in the American media, and the existence of Able Danger was omitted in the official 9/11 Commission report in order to sustain its whitewash of the role of US military and intelligence agencies in permitting and even facilitating the attacks. Secret or not, Congressman Weldon stated in committee that Able Danger had also identified three other future 9/11 hijackers as Al Qaeda loyalists: Marwan Al-Shehhi, Khalid Almidhar and Nawaf Alhazmi. He also claimed that he had been in possession of a “link chart” tracing the connections of various individuals connected to Al Qaeda, and containing Atta’s photograph and name, and had turned it over to deputy national security adviser Stephen Hadley at a meeting in the White House on September 25, 2001. Both Hadley and another Republican congressman, Dan Burton of Indiana, have confirmed the meeting with Weldon on that date and the handover of the link chart. The chart itself "disappeared", according to the Bush White House. Convenient, huh?

         After Weldon's assertions were disputed and the credibility of Able Danger impugned, Lt. Col. Anthony Shaffer, a member of the Able Danger team, identified himself as Weldon's source. Shaffer stated categorically that he alerted the FBI in September 2000 about the information uncovered by the secret military unit (Able Danger), he further alleged that three meetings he set up with bureau officials were blocked by military lawyers. Shaffer, who at the time worked for the Defense Intelligence Agency, claims he communicated to members of the 9/11 Commission that Able Danger had identified two of the three cells responsible for 9/11 prior to the attacks, but the Commission did not include this information in their final report.

        Shaffer specifically stated that in Jan 2000, Able Danger datamining revealed the existence of a 'Brooklyn' Al-Qaeda cell connected to the "Blind Sheik" Omar Abdel-Rahman, as well as two other cells overseas. Shaffer was soon after placed on paid administrative leave for what he called "petty and frivolous" reasons and had his security clearance suspended in March 2004, following a dispute over travel mileage expenses and personal use of a work cell phone. These allegations are claimed to have been pursued in bad faith & breach of process, in relation for Shaffer talking to the 9/11 Commission.

        Congressman Weldon asked for a probe into the activities undertaken to silence Lt. Col. Shaffer from publicly commenting on Able Danger and Able Danger's identification of the 9/11 hijackers, calling the activities "a deliberate campaign of character assassination." The Army agreed, Army investigations subsequently found these claims to be without merit and cleared his promotion.

        Shaffer also told the story of Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) opposition to Able Danger, prior to 9/11, based on the view that Able Danger was encroaching on CIA turf. According to Shaffer, the CIA representative said, "I clearly understand. We're going after the leadership. You guys are going after the body, but it doesn't matter. The bottom line is, CIA will never give you the best information from 'Alex Base' (the CIA's top-secret database) or anywhere else. CIA will never provide that to you because if you were successful in your effort to target Al Qaeda, you will steal our thunder. Therefore, we will not support this." This lack of inter-agency cooperation as well as the "Information Wall" (previously illustrated as existing since the 1950s which existed between the FBI and CIA at the time has been held by many interested parties as a critical failure to protect the nation because of petty inter-agency turf wars.

 

 

 

            If Schaffer/Weldon were the only ex- Able Danger voices crying in the night, it might be easy to dismiss their claims. However, this simply isn’t the case. Navy Captain Scott Phillpott, another Able danger member, confirmed Shaffer's claims. "I will not discuss this outside of my chain of command", Phillpott said in a formal public statement. "I have briefed the Department of the Army, the Special Operations Command and the office of (Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence) as well as the 9/11 Commission. My story has remained consistent. "Mohammed Atta was identified as a threat by Able Danger in January/February 2000".

           Shaffer's claims were also confirmed by James D. Smith, a civilian contractor who worked on Able Danger. In a later interview with media personnel, Smith reported that the project had involved analysis of data from many public sources and 20 to 30 individuals. He stated that Atta's name had emerged during an examination of individuals known to have ties to Omar Abdel Rahman, a leading figure in the first World Trade Center bombing – a failed underground garage car bomb.

         Finally, regarding Able Baker, and the massive intelligence failure leading to 9/11: “Operation Dark Heart” by Anthony A. Shaffer, released in September 2010, includes memories of his time reporting to the 9/11 commission about Able Danger's findings. The 10,000 copies of the books have not been released yet. The DOD's Defense Intelligence Agency reviewers identified more than 200 passages suspected of containing classified information. "Specifically, the DIA wanted references to a meeting between Lt. Col. Tony Shaffer, the book's author, and the executive director of the 9/11 Commission, Philip Zelikow, removed." There can, in my opinion, be only one explanation for such concerns, that being that it casts the shadow of "cover up" on the entire proceeding if the man responsible for the investigation knew of Able Danger and omitted it (by directive) from the final version.  DOD took the highly unusual step of purchasing all available copies of Shaffer's book at a cost of $47,000 and destroying them to deny the public the ability to read the book.

        At this point is valid to ponder the (apparent) sense of necessity to not publicly acknowledge the existence of Able Danger. While it is wholly conjecture on my part, I think there are several probable factors. The first, relatively straightforward, was the level of classification of the operation at the time, and the sometimes-slavish sacrifice of public “need to know” on the National Security altar. We have previously seen Nixon attempt to obfuscate evidence of Oval Office condoned malfeasance under that same umbrella.

More valid, I think is the hesitance to reveal the existence of a security operation which was neither fish nor fowl. The FBI is entrusted with domestic enforcement and, if appropriate, surveillance. The CIA is charged with intelligence gathering, but not domestic enforcement, and its mandated focus is overseas. The US military, unlike in some other nations, traditionally has no role, barring extremely exigent circumstances, in domestic issues, be they security, criminal prosecution, or espionage. Able Danger, however, comprised of (non-CIA or FBI) civilian and active-duty military representatives from all services represented a clear departure from this tradition. I feel there was some concern for what the general reaction to discovery of its mission might have been. Regardless of that fact, rejection of its findings and warnings by National Security inner circle entities including FBI, CIA, and the White House is puzzling to say the least. As more corroboration emerged of Able Danger information, the harder this question is to answer with any reasonable conclusion. 

        There is one final oddity here on I wish to comment. Bush National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice strenuously dug in her heels, like her boss and Cheney to avoid testifying to the committee. She at first claimed she was a civilian employee of the administration, ergo was immune to subpoena, but was finally persuaded to do so. Here (because they are informative) are just a sampling of the questions she was asked under oath and when appropriate, some elucidation related to the veracity of her responses:

(Where it says "CLAIM" what follows are Ms. Rice's precise words. The statements after "FACT" are actual verified data)

CLAIM: "I do not remember any reports to us, a kind of strategic warning, that planes might be used as weapons."

 

FACT: Condoleezza Rice was the top National Security official with President Bush at the July 2001 G-8 summit in Genoa. There, "U.S. officials were warned that Islamic terrorists might attempt to crash an airliner" into the summit, prompting officials to "close the airspace over Genoa and station antiaircraft guns at the city’s airport." [Sources: Los Angeles Times, 9/27/01; White House release, 7/22/01]

CLAIM: "I was certainly not aware of [intelligence reports about planes as missiles] at the time that I spoke" in 2002.

FACT: While Rice may not have been aware of the 12 separate and explicit warnings about terrorists using planes as weapons when she made her denial in 2002, she did know about them when she wrote her March 22, 2004 Washington Post op-ed. In that piece, she once again repeated the claim there was no indication "that terrorists were preparing to attack the homeland using airplanes as missiles." [Source: Washington Post, 3/22/04]

CLAIM: There was "nothing about the threat of attack in the U.S." in the Presidential Daily Briefing the President received on August 6th.

FACT: Rice herself later admitted that "the title [of the PDB] was, ‘Bin Laden Determined to Attack Inside the United States.’" [Source: Condoleezza Rice, 4/8/04] Sounds a little threatening, huh?

CLAIM: "One of the problems was there was really nothing that looked like was going to happen inside the United States…Almost all of the reports focused on al-Qaida activities outside the United States, especially in the Middle East and North Africa…We did not have…threat information that was in any way specific enough to suggest something was coming in the United States."

FACT: Page 204 of the Joint Congressional Inquiry into 9/11 noted that "In May 2001, the intelligence community obtained a report that Bin Laden supporters were planning to infiltrate the United States" to "carry out a terrorist operation using high explosives." The report "was included in an intelligence report for senior government officials in August [2001]." In the same month, the Pentagon "acquired and shared with other elements of the Intelligence Community information suggesting that seven persons associated with Bin Laden had departed various locations for Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States." [Sources: Joint Congressional Report, 12/02]

CLAIM: "If we had known an attack was coming against the United States…we would have moved heaven and earth to stop it."

FACT: a year later, Rice admits that she was told that "an attack was coming." She said, "Let me read you some of the actual chatter that was picked up in that spring and summer": "Unbelievable news coming in weeks", said one. "Big event — there will be a very, very, very, very big uproar. There will be attacks in the near future." [Source: Condoleezza Rice, 4/8/04]

 

CLAIM: "The Vice President was, a little later in, I think, in May, tasked by the President to put together a group to look at all of the recommendations that had been made about domestic preparedness and all of the questions associated with that."

FACT: The Vice President’s task force never once convened a meeting. In the same time period, the Vice President (Dick Cheney, former oil company employee) convened at least 10 meetings of his energy task force, and six meetings with Enron executives. [Source: Washington Post, 1/20/02; GAO Report, 8/03] What a “Dick!”

 

CLAIM: "The decision that we made was to, first of all, have no drop-off in what the Clinton administration was doing, because clearly they had done a lot of work to deal with this very important priority."

FACT: Internal government documents show that the Clinton Administration officially prioritized counterterrorism as a "Tier One" priority, but when the Bush Administration took office, top officials downgraded counterterrorism. As the Washington Post reported, these documents show that before Sept. 11 the Bush Administration "did not give terrorism top billing." Rice admitted that "we decided to take a different track" than the Clinton Administration in protecting America. [Source: Internal government documents, 1998-2001; Washington Post, 3/22/04; Rice testimony, 4/8/04]

 CLAIM: The Bush Administration has been committed to the "transformation of the FBI into an agency dedicated to fighting terror."

FACT: Before 9/11, Attorney General John Ashcroft de-emphasized counterterrorism at the FBI, in favor of more traditional law enforcement. And according to the Washington Post, "in the early days after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks, the Bush White House cut by nearly two-thirds an emergency request for counterterrorism funds by the FBI, an internal administration budget document shows." And according to a new report by the Congressional Research Service, "numerous confidential law enforcement and intelligence sources now challenge the FBI’s claim that it has successfully retooled itself to gather critical intelligence on terrorists as well as fight crime." [Source: Washington Post, 3/22/04; Congressional Quarterly, 4/6/04]

CLAIM: "The FBI issued at least three nationwide warnings to federal, state and law enforcement agencies and specifically stated that, although the vast majority of the information indicated overseas targets, attacks against the homeland could not be ruled out. The FBI tasked all 56 of its U.S. field offices to increase surveillance of known suspects of terrorists and to reach out to known informants who might have information on terrorist activities."

FACT: The warnings were "feckless. (def: lacking initiative or strength of character; irresponsible.) They didn’t tell anybody anything. They don’t bring anyone to battle stations." [Source: 9/11 Commissioner Jamie Gorelick, 4/8/04]

CLAIM: "I think that having a Homeland Security Department that can bring together the FAA and the INS and Customs and all of the various agencies is a very important step."

FACT: The White House and Ms. Rice, initially at least, vehemently opposed the creation of the Department of Homeland security. Its opposition to the concept delayed the creation of the department by months.

        It should be noted that Ms. Rice was compensated about the same as a U.S. Senator for her work here and in helping push the US into Iraq, thus facilitating the creation of ISIS.

        And last, what is in the redacted pages of this report? Who will it further embarrass? Beats me, but I'll bet the gist of it is that some prominent Saudis were complicit in helping Mohammad Atta and his band of one-way pilots obtain entry in the US under other than legitimate pretense. I wouldn't anticipate finding out much more about the incompetence of the Bush administration of the inadequacies of the 9/11 Commission report, because that's been done.

        Eighteen years on, we were again treated to the spectacle of a US President (Trump) toadying to the Saudis in Riyadh and, later overlooking the real perpetrators of the butchery of a reporter in a third country, referring to the Princes as “nice people.”  While we remember and mourn the deaths of thousands of Americans, and while we, to varying degrees, apportion blame to the Kingdom, which certainly is culpable to a great extent, let’s also remember that some people we elected to office and to whom we entrusted our safety, failed us miserably for various reasons, among them financial concerns, access to oil, and, sadly, just plain incompetence. Tragically, it seems we are presently little better off after the 3000 needless deaths . 

 

                                         Swift Boating Redux

{“Swift Boating”: Since the 2004 election, the term "swift boating" has become a common expression for a campaign attacking opponents by questioning their credibility and patriotism in a dishonest manner. It stems from scurrilous and untrue attacks on John Kerry’s service in Viet Nam as a Naval Officer.}

        Imagine, if you will, a young man who voluntarily joined the Military and served over 20 years, reaching retirement service requirements while having attained the highest enlisted rank possible, and then decided to embark on another service career, retiring after more than 20 years. He did this, becoming a High School Social Studies teacher and found that he loved the second career as much as the first. Actually, this was my career path, and as you might expect I was pleased to see Tim Walz selected as Kamala Harris’ running mate, since his career and mine are similar up to the point that he ran for public office. I only cite the above as evidence that, as opposed to the GOP slanderers I actually know whereof I speak below.

        Since I know more than a little about how the military works, I was disgusted by the “Swift-boating” bucket of swill dumped at Walz by what is apparently a brain damaged Red Hat moron. There were several patently false claims made, which I will address separately. The first is that Walz falsely
claimed to have been a Command Sergeant Major, while the truth is that he served in that capacity prior to retirement, which prevented his attendance at the Leadership Academy which most US Military Senior Enlisted Advisors now attend prior to the assignment. Tim Walz did the job. Period. As for the Leadership Academy, it was established after I was already serving as the Command Master Chief Petty Officer at Nuclear Field “A” School for three years. So, Master Sergeant Walz and I had the same job with essentially the same experience.

        Another claim made by the Red Hatter was that Walz retired to avoid deployment. This is so wrong as to defy description. Walz’s unit could have been ordered deployed anytime in the 22 years he served and, if he feared that service, he could have quit at the four-year point with no possibility of further obligation. Walz had no military obligation anyway, since there had been no draft since 1973 when he was nine years old.

        As an artillery officer, Walz suffered from hearing loss. In 2002, after he had already served 20 years and qualified for retirement, a medical board considered discharging him because of his hearing loss. Instead, he convinced them to let him complete his final enlistment to the obligated 22-year point, to which the Guard agreed, and his retirement papers were approved. This was almost a year before his unit was ordered to deploy. He would have had to re-enlist, which his hearing loss would not have allowed in any case.

        Lie #3: The Swift Boater claimed that to be a Command Sergeant Major meant that the individual must have led men in combat under fire. This is so wrong it isn’t even wrong, it’s just ludicrous. In all three branches of service the position regardless of title is that of direct liaison between the commissioned command structure and the enlisted cadre. In many, if not most cases, even in the Army, these folks rarely if ever see combat themselves. This is even more unlikely in the USAF or Navy. I served as Command Master Chief on a Submarine for three years at a major Shore Command for another three without so much as a spitball involved.

                Master Sergeant Tim Walz, USA (ret) served honorably and continued doing so after retirement as a teacher, coach, legislator, and governor. He deserves our admiration, not the sniveling lies of a malcontent Trumpist liar.

                                     Vote!

 

                      Stick to fiction, Ms. Rowling      

As big a fan of J.K. Rowling’s writing as I am, I am far to the obverse regarding her apparent need to play the gender hate card. After Algerian boxer Imane Khelif floored her Italian opponent, Angela Carini, Ms. Rowling apparently decided that she (Ms. Khelif) was really a male. The quote is, "Watch this (referring to video of the fight), then explain why you're OK with a man beating a woman in public for your entertainment. This isn't sport. From the bullying cheat in red all the way up to the organizers who allowed this to happen, this is men reveling in their power over women."

        First off, Ms. Khelif is an anatomical female. Period. She is not a man. and having been raised in Algeria, would have had no reason or no diagnosis to cause anyone to believe the contrary. Ms. Rowling is well known for her opposition to all things transgender, but this isn’t even that. If Ms. Khelif had demolished all her previous opponents in seconds, there might be cause to question the reason but, in fact, her amateur record is thirty-seven wins against 9 losses. Are we to assume that those nine winning opponents were either “juiced” or secretly male?

 Ask Amy Broadhurst, who unlike J.K. Rowling, actually knows something about boxing. Broadhurst, an Irish woman, and professional boxer, defeated Khelif for the world championship two years ago. At those world championships, Khelif and a Chinese female boxer came under scrutiny by the IBA, which sanctioned the bouts. In both cases, there were hazy comments regarding chromosomes, but not testosterone levels which would be affected. The International Olympic Committee has chosen to ignore whatever those findings might (or might not) have implied. Furthermore, this is neither Khelif nor Yun-ting’s first Olympics. Both boxers competed in the Tokyo 2020 Games, where they were knocked out in the quarterfinals and round of sixteen, respectively. Casting hatred at Ms. Khelif, as too many have done, is simply wrong. Period. It seems to me that the real issue is that Ms. Carini failed to protect herself, as boxers are trained to do, and took a direct punch flush on her nose, possibly breaking it. Her reaction, dropping and crying, while refusing to continue says more about her than her opponent.

Ms. Broadurst had this to say: “Have a lot of people texting me over Imane Khelif. Personally, I don’t think she has done anything to ‘cheat.’ I think it’s the way she was born & that’s out of her control. The fact that she has been beaten by nine females before says it all.”

         Betsy McCaughey, If She’s Writing                        She’s Lying

06/14/2024

     The generally prevaricating Betsy McCaughey seldom deviates from form and today’s column is no exception. Her propose, apparently, was to dull our recall of just how shameful Donald Trump’s response to the Covid epidemic truly was in the wake of the Congressional MAGA grilling of Dr. Fauci. Her methodology was a typical and unsurprising GOP “but whaddabout?” approach.

I’ve mentioned the “whaddabout defense” several times in earlier essays, but for any newbies, it refers to the practice of attempting to deflect mention of a screwup or gaffe by mentioning another’s error, frequently unrelated. An example of this might be a MAGA acolyte responding to mention of Trump’s felony conviction with, “Oh yeah? But whaddabout Hunter Biden?

In today’s column Ms. McCaughey homes in on Dr, Fauci’s concession to his inquisitors that there was no scientific data (as in peer reviewed study) to corroborate the commonsense imposition (or really just strong suggestion, as there was no mandate) for strongly recommending social distancing. Ms. McCaughey spins that factoid into a statement implying that it was ineffective and constituted federal overreach. Recommendation, remember?

So where in the world did this idea come from…that staying away from sick persons might be a good idea?

Going back to 1665, we see the realization by some of those who could do so, that distancing oneself from London was a promising idea, since the bubonic plague, which had killed 25% of all Europeans in the 14 century, was back in town. This time around the death toll was somewhat less, about 100,000 in London. Since no preventative or cure was known, those who could, principally the upper classes, distanced themselves from the source.

        One such individual, of whom you may have heard, was Isaac Newton who, in 1665, with plague stalking London, eschewed an advanced degree at Cambridge and returned to his parents’ country home. Had he not practiced social distancing, perhaps someone else would have had to formulate the laws of motion, advanced optics, and refined calculus, all done while he was social distancing.  

          New Orleans was a city of epidemics, and yellow fever was the worst, with outbreaks occurring almost annually after 1825. It was thought to be caused by miasma—humid air acting on filthy, undrained soil. The theory led residents to burn tar and shoot cannons into the air as preventative measures to “purify” it. Another idea, known as importation theory, held that the disease was spread by contact with individuals who came to the city aboard ships and railway systems. This belief led to strong anti-immigrant rhetoric and an insistence that locals were unaffected. In truth, although no one knew it at the time, the transference of infected blood by Mosquitos was a primary factor, but inter-personal exposure was also a problem. Many wealthy New Orleans families went north of Lake Pontchartrain during epidemics, practicing social distancing.

        In the 1918 global epidemic, the spread of flu was slowed by identifying suspicious cases through surveillance and voluntary and/or enforced quarantine or isolation. Because no vaccinations or antivirals were available at the time, these public health initiatives were the only effective weapons against the disease.

        My point? Social distancing was/is not new, and criticizing its recommended use against Covid, which is aerosol and flu-like in transmission (aerosol) as well of the use of masks to minimize spreading was and s sound advice. Those who rail against such measures are a large part of the problem. Those who use the bully pulpit of a syndicated column to derogate such good faith measures are little better than those who refuse to vaccinate their children and send them to school to share their measles, as has happened in Oregon over the past several years

 

                          Another Hack Writer

        I have, on several occasions, expressed my contempt for the lack of journalistic due diligence and integrity of a number of op-ed writers often featured in the local paper. I must add to that list yet another name, that of one Ben Shapiro.

        In a recent column which begins by deconstructing the recent Trump felony conviction he wrote this: “The counts had to with falsification of business records. Or election fraud. Or more tax returns. Or…. something. Nobody really knows, and apparently it was unnecessary for the jury to agree on the crime in order to find Trump guilty of one.”

        The above word salad reeks of Trump himself ranting nonsensical gibberish when he has no real message.

Let’s first look at facts (remember facts?)  The first statement is correct and had Mr. Shapiro quit when he was ahead I wouldn’t be writing this. The trial and the charges attendant to it was based on numerous violations of a New York State law which makes it a felony to falsify business records, since New York State is one of forty-three states which collect a state income tax. New York’s isn’t the highest, but at 8.82% is in the top ten. The law is an effort to prevent falsification of income or other non- business expenditures as business expenses to avoid paying tax on them.

The “election fraud” comment is, simply put, a blatant lie, having zero interface with the charged offenses. If any mention was even made regarding elections it would have been one of the Trump rants for which he was finally gag ordered.

 The “tax return” comment is only germane in that the falsification of hush money payments as business expenditures had the effect of reducing tax liability.

As for “nobody really knows” …The DA knew, the Judge knew, attorneys for both sides knew, and the jury knew, since they were, as usual, instructed specifically regarding the nature of the charges. Consequently, they were unanimous on the sole actual crimes charged – falsifying business records.

Another implied and equally spurious allegation is twofold. Many of the MAGA persuasion toss around the claim that somehow the whole thing was a result of Biden “weaponizing” the Department of Justice, when, in fact, it was about the violation of a state law prosecuted by the State of New York. No DOJ interface. None, Zip, Nada. The second part of the MAGA rant implies that Trump was singled out and that his prosecution was unusual. In truth, there is a downloadable PDF which runs to twenty-four pages of specifics regarding individuals and organizations who have been charged and convicted under this statute.

In fact, the Trump organization made that list in 2021, for millions in tax fraud but the accountancy firm was charged, and one person took the bullet of jail time, a hefty fine and loss of certification.

In the matter at hand, there were two factors which, while not subject to prosecution, per se, were root causes of the whole mess.

 The first was Trump’s concern that the fact that he had been shtupping a porn star while his wife was pregnant might become public knowledge and hurt him politically. His intent was to avoid that by buying her silence with what amounts to a hefty bribe.

The second is Trump’s well-known aversion to spending his own money, of which he has far less unencumbered than he would like us to believe. Had he simply written a personal check to Stormy Daniels there would have been no crime (other than being a sleazy adulterous shithead) no trial, and no felony convictions.

The issue is the hiding of the money as legitimate business expense, avoiding attribution of the true nature of the expenditure and (here comes the crime) writing it off as a nontaxable deduction. If this sounds “picky” try filing your own income tax, state or federal, with a deduction claimed as “$130,000 for hookers.”     

 

     

 

                                          Reality Check

Let’s get this straight, because you’ll hear numerous outright lies on the issue. Donald Trump was not convicted, (as Elon Musk recently implied) for his adulterous affair with Stormy Daniels. He was convicted because, in his efforts to make sure the rest of the world didn’t find out what a cheating con artist he is, he paid her not to talk about it. Still not what he was convicted of.

        Trump has a long history of being a tax cheat, especially in the area of claiming business expenses which either aren’t or are grossly inflated. This has even been as blatant as claiming that his Trump Tower apartment was ten times as large as it actually is. Still not a felony offense. On the other hand, paying the hush money, which he could have done in personal cash or check with no penalty, is a crime if you document it as a tax deductible business expenditure. In New York State this is a felony known as falsifying business records. Each of the documented more than 30 checks which included money which was rerouted to Ms. Daniels, but was recorded as a business expense, constitutes an individual felony.

While Trump screams “Scam” and his other favorite excuse, “Rigged”, the fact remains that a trial was held, evidence was produced, backed by testimony, and the jurors, after three days deliberation unanimously agreed that a crime had been committed and that Trump himself was complicit. Period.        

                      

                                                   “Fair” Taxes?

04/04/2024

        Regarding the discussion over "fair" in the larger conversation about tax. Fair is the term used by multi-millionaires like Steve Forbes when they are shilling for Flat Tax schemes. The word fair to them means everyone pays an equal percentage. Perhaps a better way to look at "fair" would be that a taxation scheme should not unreasonably disadvantage any sector of the population at the advance or another.

Steve Forbes proposed that everyone should pay a flat 10% of income as taxes and all would be well with the world. Let's use reductio ad absurdum to show the point. After all isn't that "fair"?  On that basis, let's take an obviously uncommon situation. Consider that of a man with a $5 million income (read "The Big Short" if you think those people aren't around!) also consider the gardener who works for him at $12.00 an hour, which is Florida’s minimum wage.

        The gardener works a solid forty-hour week and earns a whopping $24,000 annually, which sadly is considered above the federal guidelines for a family of two, which is $20,440. But wait, there's more. Unless the employer is a scofflaw or the gardener is an independent contractor who refuses to pay them, there is the issue of Social Security and Medicare taxes. For the hapless gardener, all of his pay is subject to FICA and Medicare withholding,  (7.65% total)  so he is hit for a total of $1,836 off the top. He now has $22,164 left, on which a 10% flat tax will take him to $19,948, and into the poverty classification. Remember, he works hard, arguably harder than the employer, certainly with fewer perks, possibly no health care benefits, and shorter lunch breaks. Assuming both parents work 40 hr minimum wage jobs and have two children, even the cheapest child-care costs will push them back below the poverty limit. 

        His employer, on the other hand, also pays FICA, but only on .23% of his income, because Social Security withholding maxes out at an income of $118,000 annually. So, the "flat taxers" omit the dirty little secret, which is that the laborer earning $18,000 actually pays 6.2% of his wages for Social security, while his far wealthier boss actually only pays a measly 0.14% of his. Fair? What do you think?  Now, consider this as a risk/reward exercise: the laborer pays 6.2% of his income for his entire working life, but will have his Social security income calculated based on his actual earnings. The millionaire will only pay 0.14 % of his, but will likewise have his Social Security based on his actual earnings. (up to the max legal payment limit, currently $45,864 annually)   

        Now let us consider the $5 mil guy. He "earns" $5,000,000 annually but stops paying Social security at $118,000, so he pays 6.5 times as much into FICA, but he earns 277 times as much! And he will reap much higher benefits. Still fair? Huh?  As for Medicare, the rate is constant regardless of income, so they both pay the 1.45% Medicare withholding. Adding all this up, the $5 mil guy pays FICA and Medicare a total of $77,347.  deduct an additional 10% ("flat" remember), tax and he is left to struggle by on “only” $4,430,388! Of course, this assumes no offshore or tax dodge shenanigans to hide income.   So, the issue is: Whose lifestyle, or more to the point, quality of life, is affected most by the 10%? flat tax? Is the impact "equal" or "fair"?   I would submit that it is not. Even after both reach retirement, assuming the gardener and his wife both worked the same jobs for the same pay, they will barely be able to reach the poverty level - without children. Then, the rich man says "Well, he should have saved for his retirement!" Really? There simply is no marginal, or savable income at $18,000 per year. IRAs, flexible spending accounts, investments....? These are just letters and words to the average laboring person in America. And remember, this doesn't even consider the cost of healthcare.

        A flat tax is inherently unfair for those who are already close to the margins and haven't been born, to use an appropriate word, lucky, or not as intellectually gifted. People just like that built much of the infrastructure of this country while living in or close to poverty. We can do better, and a tax structure steeply graduated at the top would help us to do so.

        Finally, to hear the whining of the trust fund candidates, you'd think we pay the highest taxes ever right now. Trump actually said we were "The most highly taxed developed country in the world. The two following graphics show his perfidy and ignorance.

 

As the graph above shows, among developed nations, only Mexico, Chile and Korea have lower taxes than the US, which Trump says is the most highly taxed. No, just plain, no!

As this graphic shows, US corporate tax rates are also below the OECD averages. Flat isn’t fair and the "One percenters" aren’t suffering!  Amen.

                             

 

                            

 

05/06/2024            

         Mideast Issues - an historical                                   perspective

 

     A recent Facebook post spoke (well, I thought) to the increasing number of persons whose principal news source(s) are apparently social media.  The discussion was prompted by the vast range of opinions expressed regarding the current lamentable state of affairs in Israel/Gaza. I believe that a significant complicating factor in creating the current murky, and to a large degree morally ambiguous, nature of such posts is a lack of historical perspective by many regarding the region.

      A second complicating factor is the belief of many that somehow the region was divinely appropriated to the ancestors of the current Israelis in a deal brokered somewhere around 4000 years ago between a desert nomad and a supernatural sky being. Seldom have so many died from such an obscure germ of an idea.

For American Christians of a fundamentalist bent, this has come to mean that it is our national duty as a "Christian Nation" to facilitate the solidity of the state of Israel so the sky spirit can swoop down and escort all the true believers to some paradise. Oddly enough, this is the same end that is supposed to be accomplished by all those extremist Muslims who sacrifice their corporeal selves in the process of killing any and all Jews within range of their missiles or Semtex laden vests.   Of course, most of these simplistic naifs don't recognize that Abraham's deal, including the ritual male fleshy genital sacrifice, is as sacred to Muslims as it is to Jews.

With all that in mind and stipulating that numerous scholarly works by real authors precede this poor effort, I shall try to provide a simplified chronology of the problems and actions of others in laying the groundwork for the current crisis.

Current Israeli claims to ownership of this relatively small area on the Mediterranean are baseless from the standpoint of "who was here first?" The region is a cradle of civilization and one of the places which first experienced the Neolithic Revolution, sometimes referred to much more descriptively as the Agricultural Revolution. As such, the region has a long and tumultuous history as a crossroads for religion, culture, commerce, and politics.

     Palestine has been controlled by numerous different peoples, including the Ancient Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, , Ancient Israelites, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Ancient Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, early Muslims caliphates (dynasties)  such as the Umayads, Abbasids, Seljuqs, Fatimids), European  Crusaders, later Muslims (Ayyubids, Mameluks, Ottomans), the British, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1948–1967, on the "West Bank") and Egyptian Republic (in Gaza), and modern Israelis and Palestinians. Other terms for the same area include Canaan, Zion, the Land of Israel, Southern Syria, Jund Filastin, Outremer, the Holy Land and the Southern Levant. The name "Israel" is recent and and obviously chosen to affirm (read as “imply) to the world that this is, indeed the "promised land" referred to in Genesis in the Hebrew Torah and Christian Bibles.

     In the past this "promise' has been invoked by the ancient Hebrews to justify brutal acts against peoples such as the residents of Jericho and Ai whose offence, apparently, was being there when the Hebrews wandered out of the desert and claimed ownership. Of course, the Jericho site has ruins going back as far as 6000 years before Abraham’s alleged chat with the sky spirit, but that's just an inconvenient truth. The folks killed in Jericho were Semites as were the Hebrews and almost every other group in the region.

 The term “Semite” means: (Encylopedia Britannica def): “Semite: name given in the 19th century to a member of any people who speak one of the Semitic languages, a family of languages spoken primarily in parts of western Asia and Africa.”

On the other hand, the same volume defines “Arab” thus:
“Arab, one whose native language is Arabic. Before the spread of Islam and, with it, the Arabic language, Arab referred to any of the largely nomadic Semitic inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula.”

Why the definition? To educate those who fail to see that the terms: “Hebrew” and “Arab” are essentially linguistic differences originating from common racial stock. The term
“Jewish race”, which I recently heard a member of the clergy use, is not truly a biological racial designation, but rather a linguistic and cultural one. It ain’t a race, it’s a religion. At the time of the Old Testament, the difference between Hebrews and other tribes was philosophical, not physical. (you know, like the Welsh, Irish and Western English, whose Celtic derived languages have diverged). In modern usage, “anti-Semitic” has been hijacked to mean “anti-Jewish.”

        To complicate matters even more, the Diaspora (a term which actually applies to any ethnic group which spreads from their original homeland) has meant for most Hebrews that their physical ethnicity has changed, even if their cultural one hasn’t.

      By contrast, there has been far less widespread Arab diaspora from the region of the current conflict, further complicated by the overwhelming presence of Islam as State religions, especially in nations such as Iran, which is definitely non-Arab, but as co-religionists are supportive of Palestinian issues.       

While we’re at it, Are Hebrews and Jews the same thing? Yeah, sort of. “Hebrew” really referred to as the Semitic language and Abraham’s descendants who spoke it. They were also called “Israel” [Genesis 32:28])—from that period until their conquest of Canaan (Palestine) in the late 2nd millennium BCE. From that time on these people were referred to as Israelites until their return from the Babylonian Exile in the late 6th century BCE, from which time on they became known as Jews. (Think changing a group name from “Dubliners” to “Catholics”

-        best analogy I could come up with).

      Hebrews were not the politically dominant force in modern Israel for well over 1900 years.  The Diaspora (cultural /political/religious dispersion) began with the 6th century B.C. conquest of the ancient Kingdom of Judah by Babylon, the destruction of the First Temple (c. 586 B.C.), and the expulsion of the population, as stated in the Bible. The Babylonian ruler, Nebuchadnezzar, allowed the Jews to remain in a unified community in Babylon. Another group of Jews fled to Egypt, where they settled in the Nile delta. From 597 B.C. onwards, there were three distinct groups of Hebrews: a group in Babylon and other parts of the Middle East, a group in Judaea, and another group in Egypt. Although Cyrus the Persian king allowed the Jews to return to their homeland in 538 B.C., most chose to remain in Babylon. A large number of Jews in Egypt became mercenaries in Upper Egypt on an island called the Elephantine. Most of these Jews retained their religion, identity, and social customs; both under the Persians and the Greeks, they were allowed to conduct their lives according to their own laws.

     In 63 B.C., Judah/Judaea became a 'protectorate' of Rome, and in 6 B.C. was organized as a Roman province. The Hebrews, now generally referring to themselves by the religious and culturally inclusive name "Jews” began to revolt against the Roman Empire in 66 AD during the period known as the First Jewish–Roman War which culminated in the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD. During the siege, the Romans destroyed the Second Temple and most of Jerusalem.  In 132 A.D., the Jews rebelled against Hadrian. In 135 A.D., Hadrian's army defeated the Jewish armies and Jewish independence was lost. Jerusalem was turned into a pagan city called Aelia Capitolina and the Jews were forbidden to live there, and Hadrian changed the country's name from Judea to Syria Palaestina, which presages the name "Palestine." Get that: Palestine was Palestine and definitely not Israel or Jewish controlled for over 1800 years. 

     Muhammad (c. 570 CE – c. 8 June 632 CE), considered by Muslims as the last Prophet of God, based on his alleged conversations with the same sky spirit as Abraham 2600 years earlier,  originated a new strenuous and proselytic monotheism, which he called ""Islam," meaning "submission," and, oddly enough included  some of the same concessions to the spirit in the sky as Abraham's - dietary restrictions, ritual killing of animals, circumcision, and ritual prayer.

     Muslims (Semites just as the Hebrews had been) gained political control of the region in question and ruled it as part of one caliphate or another for somewhere around 450 (longer than Hebrews ever had) years, at which time, in 1096 in response to Papal propaganda and political concerns of the Byzantine Emperor, the Crusades were initiated. Ostensibly to redeem the "Holy Land" (holy to many, but holy with a capitol "H" to European Christians), most Crusaders were driven by purely human motivators, including freedom from serfdom, a chance to grab an empire, and the commands of their monarchs, who were motivated by greed and the urge to make a religiously significant name for themselves.   The crusades influenced the attitude of the western Church and people towards warfare. The frequent calling of crusades habituated the clergy and monarchies to the use of religion induced violence. The crusades also sparked debate about the legitimacy of taking lands and possessions from pagans on purely religious grounds that would arise again in the 15th and 16th centuries with the Age of Discovery. 

     With its power and prestige raised by the crusades, the Papal Curia had greater control over the entire western Church.  One glaring facet of the Crusades in general, is that, although, ostensibly aimed at "reclaiming" the "Holy Land’, technically, no European since pagan Rome had ever "claimed" the region in any case. Another spinoff was that although the Saracens (Turks/Muslims) were the targets, European and Levantine Jews suffered horribly as a sort of zealous collateral damage. Jews living peacefully in Jerusalem were slaughtered in the thousands not by Muslims, in whose caliphate they resided peacefully, but by Crusader Knights, all in the name of God. In Germany, synagogues were burned, sometimes with the congregation huddled inside. The Fourth Crusade, as an example of the depravity of the entire concept, actually attacked Byzantine Christian Constantinople (Modern Istanbul), and sacked the city, taking many of its priceless and art and artifacts to Germany, Italy and throughout Europe. Persecution of Jews in the First Crusade began a thousand-year tradition of organized attacks on the Jews of Europe. Islam had no hands in these pogroms.

    From about 1300 CE through the 18th century, control of the region remained under the auspices of various governments with little in common except Islam, which was enough to ensure that Christians and Jews remaining in the area, referred to as "people of the Book," were significantly less persecuted than in Europe where Jews remained objects of hostility and persecution and Christian dissenters fared very little better. 

      The current Arab/Israeli conflict is a relatively modern phenomenon, which has its roots in the end of the 19th century. After almost two millennia of existence of the Jewish Diaspora without a national state, the Zionist movement was founded in the late 19th century by secular Jews, largely as a response by Ashkenazi Jews to rising anti-Semitism in Europe, exemplified by the Dreyfus affair in France and the anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire (see "Fiddler on the Roof"). There was institutionalized social anti-Semitism in most European nations throughout the 1700s and 1800s.  The political movement called Zionism was formally established by the Austro-Hungarian journalist Theodor Herzl in 1897 following the publication of his book Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State).  At that time, the movement sought to encourage Jewish migration to Ottoman (Turkish) Palestine.  Zionism grew rapidly and became the dominant force in Jewish politics with the World War II era destruction of Jewish life in Central and Eastern Europe. The conflict became a major international issue with the birth of Israel in 1948. Prior to the petroleum age, much of the Levant was more curiosity than concern for most European governments.  The Arab/Israeli conflict has resulted in at least five major wars and a number of minor conflicts. It has also been the source of two major Palestinian intifadas (uprisings).

     Tensions between the Zionist movements and the Arab residents of Palestine started to emerge after the 1880s, when immigration of European Jews to Palestine increased.  Herzl, a strong advocate for the cause of Zionism, encouraged contributions from a broad spectrum of Europeans, Jewish and gentile, said monies to be used to sponsor European Jews as settlers in Palestine. In a sense, this is analogous to Europeans encouraging settlement in the New World, in that the land also wasn't empty in the first place. As an alternative to stealing the land and evicting residents as Europeans did with American Indians, Zionists purchased land, albeit land with poor Muslim farmers already there!   This immigration increased the Jewish communities in Palestine, then part of the (non-Arab, Turkish) Ottoman Empire, by the acquisition of land from Ottoman and individual Arab landholders, known as effendis, and the ensuing establishment of Jewish agricultural settlements. At the time, Arabs had lived in an almost feudal existence on the effendis' land.

       It is important to understand that the same rich Arabs who decry Israel's existence today were the very social group who sold their tenants' land out from under them. Additionally, in as much as European Zionist settlers tended to be literate and better educated, they had political skills and clout disproportionate to their numbers.   Demographers have "guesstimated” from Ottoman Turkish census data that the population of Palestine in 1882–3 was about 468,000, consisting of 408,000 Muslims, 44,000 Christians and 15,000 Jews (86% Arab).  By the outbreak of World War I, these numbers had increased to 602,000 Muslims, 81,000 Christians and 39,000 Jews, plus a similar but uncertain number of Jews who were not Ottoman citizens. As of 1920, the ratio of Arabs to Jews was 15:1 with a Christian population greater than the Jewish count.

Following WWI, Europeans set about deciding the political fate of the Middle east, with an eye towards control of lands and resources, (Can you say “oil?”) facilitated by a conveniently fabricated "mandate" concept established by the League of nations.  The process of establishing the mandates consisted of two phases: The formal removal of sovereignty of the state (Ottoman Turk or Austro-Hungarian) previously controlling the territory and the transfer of mandatory powers to individual states among the Allied Powers (France or Great Britain).

       Palestine, Jordan and Iraq (their modern names) fell under British mandate, while Syria and Lebanon were French.  This now transferred responsibility and control of these largely Islamic regions to Christian, European control, with Palestine, while majority Muslim, containing a growing portion of educated European and Levantine Jews, and under nominal control of Christian Britain. What could possibly go wrong?

     While the British had made promises to give both Arabs and Jews land, (the Balfour declaration) the British, post-war, later claimed they had never promised to give either side all of the land. Rising tensions had given way to violence, including the Nebi Musa and Jaffa riots in 1920 and 21. In an attempt to placate the Arabs, and due to Britain's demonstrated inability to control Arab violence in the Mandatory Palestine any other way, the semi-autonomous Arab Emirate of Transjordan was created in all Palestinian territory east of the Jordan river (roughly 77% of the Palestine mandate).    In 1922, the League of Nations formally established the British Mandate for Palestine and Transjordan, assigning all of the land east of the Jordan River to the Emirate of Jordan, ruled by Hashemite king Abdullah but closely dependent on Britain, leaving the remainder west of the Jordan as the League of Nations Mandatory Palestine.

The British now found themselves in a politically charged situation at home and abroad. The loss of much of a generation of young men had left Britain shorthanded and sickened by matters military, while thousands of miles away in a part of the world most Britons couldn't even locate on a map, the conflicting forces of Arab nationalism and the Zionist movement created a situation from which the British could neither resolve nor extricate themselves.

     Continuing pogroms in Russia and the Ukraine as well as the first hints of  Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany created a new urgency in the Zionist movement to create a Jewish state, and the evident intentions of the Zionists provoked increasingly fierce Arab resistance and attacks against the Jewish population most notably in the preceding 1929 Hebron massacre, the activities of the Black Hand (perhaps the first modern Islamic terrorist group), and during the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine). The British-appointed Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini, led Arab opposition to the idea of turning part of Palestine into a Jewish state.

     In his search for help in expelling British forces from Palestine, (thus removing the enforcer of the Zionist enterprise), the Grand Mufti sought alliance with the Axis Powers. The response of the British government was to banish the Mufti from Palestine, (He spent much of World War II in Germany and helped form a Muslim SS division in the Balkans, perhaps sowing the seeds of the 1990's "ethnic cleansing" in reverse?), curb Jewish immigration, and reinforce its police force.

The Jewish leadership adopted a policy of "restraint and static defense" in response to Arab attacks and criticized the British for what they considered to be a British retreat from the conditions promised by the Balfour Declaration and its (Britain's) less than enthusiastic response to Arab violence.  This sense of “we're on our own" led to a break away from the more pacifistic Hagana (the self-defense organization of the Yishuv) and created the more right-wing militant Irgun, which would later be led by future Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin in 1943. Irgun led attacks against Arab policemen and civilians in the 1930s.

   In 1936, A British Royal Commission of Inquiry that came to be known as the Peel Commission was established to attempt resolution to the continuing and widening split in its mandate.  The commission proposed a two-state solution that gave the Arabs control over all of the Negev, much of the present-day West Bank, and Gaza and gave the Jews control over Tel Aviv, Haifa, present-day northern Israel, and surrounding areas. The British were to maintain control over Jaffa, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and surrounding areas. The two main Jewish leaders, Chaim Weizmann and David Ben-Gurion had convinced the Zionist Congress to approve the Peel recommendations as a basis for more negotiation.

 The Arabs, however, emphatically rejected it while demanding "an end to Jewish immigration" and land sales to Jews, calling for independence of Palestine as an independent Arab state.  Recall, the Arabs held a large numerical advantage, but the Zionists had far more resources, organization and political skill, not to mention a steady infusion of funds from wealthy Jews in Europe and America.  Jewish violence against the Mandatory Palestine continued to mount throughout the latter half of the 1940s, with attacks by the Irgun, assassination of British authorities officials by the Lehi, and the 1946 King David Hotel bombing. In 1947, the population was reported as 1,845,000, consisting of 608,000 Jews and 1,237,000 Arabs and others, making the region still 2:1 Arab to Jewish population, even with the new flood of European refugees and holocaust survivors, for whom the West (the former Allied Powers) had significant and appropriate sympathy and concern.

     The 1948 Arab/Israeli War (1948–49), known as the "War of Independence" by Israelis and al-Nakba ("the Catastrophe") by Palestinians, began after the UN Partition Plan and the subsequent 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine in November 1947. The plan proposed the establishment of both independent Arab and Jewish states in Palestine. The Arabs had rejected the plan while the Jews had accepted it. As a point of interest, a modern day point of Palestinian discontent seems to be lack of independent territory, which they had also rejected almost 60 years ago! For four months, under continuous Arab provocation and attack, the (we'll say "Israelis" from here on) were usually on the defensive while occasionally retaliating. By March 1948 however, the United States was actively seeking a temporary UN approved trusteeship rather than immediate partition, known as the Truman trusteeship proposal, a proposal rejected by Israeli leadership.  By now, both Israeli and Arab militias had begun campaigns to control territory inside and outside the designated borders, and an open war between the two populations emerged.

     At this point the stage was set for all the violence and hatred of the following 60 years.  Palestinian Arabs felt they had lost their land even if it had been sold out from under them by other absentee rich Arab landlords. Having no recourse, they were primed to turn their disaffection on the Israeli settlers who had bought it.  It must be noted that, regardless of how one views land ownership, Israelis didn't steal Arab land (yet).  Adjoining nations, following Israel's declaration of statehood and Britain's 1948 withdrawal and admitting they were powerless to stop the flood of Jewish immigration, declared the mantra which survives today - "Israel has no right to statehood." Further in an act of hubris and epic underestimation, Israel's neighbors assured the Palestinian Arabs that their troubles would be short lived as they (Syria, Jordan, Egypt, Iraq and Lebanon, fueled with Saudi money) were about to annihilate the Israelis. They were encouraged to leave until hostilities were over and they could return to reclaim "their" lands and independence. 

     Jordanian, Egyptian, Syrian, Lebanese, Iraqi and Saudi troops invaded Palestine subsequent to the British withdrawal and the declaration of the State of Israel on May 14, 1948. Israel, the US, the Soviet Union and UN Secretary-General Trygve Lie called this "illegal aggression", while China broadly backed the Arab claims. The Arab states proclaimed their aim of a "United State of Palestine” in place of Israel and an Arab state. The Arab Higher Committee said, that in the future Palestine, the Jews would be no more than 1/7 of the population. i.e. only Jews that lived in Palestine before the British mandate, not specifying what would happen to the other Jews. They considered the UN Plan to be invalid because it was opposed by Palestine's Arab majority and claimed that the British withdrawal led to an absence of legal authority, making it necessary for them to protect Arab lives and property. About two thirds of Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled from the territories which came under Jewish control; the rest became Arab citizens of Israel.

As a further cultural nightmare for the Arab neighboring states, Israel humiliated them militarily. All of the much smaller number of Jews in the territories captured by the Arabs, for example the Old City of Jerusalem, also fled or were expelled. The official United Nations estimate was that 711,000 Arabs became refugees during the fighting. These, then, are the progenitors, several generations removed, of today's current crop of violently anti- Israeli terrorists, encouraged into exile by their fellow religionists and left to ferment in refugee camps.   

     The fighting ended with signing of Armistice Agreements in 1949 between Israel and its warring neighbors, formalizing Israeli control of the area allotted to the Jewish state (per the original UN partition plan, rejected by Palestinian Arabs) plus just over half of the area allotted to the Arab state. The Gaza Strip was occupied by Egypt and the West Bank by Jordan until June 1967 when they were seized by Israel during the Six-Day War. The  711,000, or so,  Palestinians who fled or were expelled from the areas that became Israel were not allowed to return to their homes, and took up residence in refugee camps in surrounding countries, including Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, and the area that was later to be known as the Gaza Strip; they were usually not allowed to leave refugee camps and mix with the local Arab society either, leaving the Palestinian refugee problem unsolved.  Around 400 Arab towns and villages were depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus.  Post war, the surrounding Arab states created a group of their own whom they neither recognized or significantly assisted financially.  

 

     After the 1948  war,  the (defeated) Arab states insisted on two main demands, neither of which were accepted by Israel: 1. Israel should withdraw to the borders of the UN Partition Plan — Israel argued "that the new borders—which could be changed, under consent only—had been established as a result of war, and because the UN blueprint took no account of defense needs and was militarily untenable, there was no going back to that blueprint."  2. The Palestinian refugees deserved a full right of return back into Israel — Israel argued that this was "out of the question, not only because they were hostile to the Jewish state, but they would also fundamentally alter the Jewish character of the state." It is worthy of note that Arabs who had not left were integrated into Israeli society to a large extent unless demonstrably hostile to the established order. 

    

     Over the next two decades after the 1948 war ended, between 700,000 and 900,000 Jews fled or were expelled from the Arab countries they were living in, in many cases owing to anti-Jewish sentiment, expulsion (in the case of Egypt), or, as in Iraq,  legal oppression but also quite often to promises of a better life from Israel; of this number, two-thirds ended up in refugee camps in Israel, while the remainder migrated to France, the United States and other Western or Latin American countries. The Jewish refugee camps in Israel were evacuated with time and the refugees were eventually integrated in the Jewish Israeli society (which in fact consisted almost entirely of refugees from Arab and European states). Over the ensuing 60 years there have been numerous hostilities, overt and terrorist, between Israel and her neighbors. They include armed conflicts in 1950, 1956, 1964 (the Six Day War), 1973 (the Yom Kippur War), anti-terrorist incursions into Lebanon in 1978 and 1982, and, in 1987-1993, the first Intifada.

     While the primary conflict of previous wars had been by uniformed services one against the other, the Intifada was far more of a terrorist action in nature. It began as an uprising of Palestinians, particularly the young, against the Israeli military occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip after the failure of the nationalist Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) to achieve any kind of meaningful diplomatic solution to the Palestinian issue. The exiled PLO leadership in Tunisia quickly assumed a role in the intifada, but the uprising also brought a rise in the importance of Palestinian national and Islamic movements and helped lead to the Palestinian Declaration of Independence in 1988.

 The intifada was started by a group of young Palestinians who began throwing rocks at the Israeli occupying forces in the Gaza Strip in December 1987. In May 1989, the government of Israeli PM Yitzhak Shamir, suggested that violence cease, and that elections should be held in the West Bank and Gaza for "a political delegation with whom Israel would come to terms regarding the implementation of Palestinian interim self-governing authority in these areas." These elections however never materialized as Israel had, and continues to have, internal divisions over ways and means of dealing with "The Palestinian Problem."

     Backing the wrong horse has become a way of life for Palestinian separatists in more recent years. The First Gulf War was a political disaster for the PLO due to their still inexplicable support of Saddam's invasion of Kuwait. Following Iraq's crushing defeat by coalition forces, Kuwaiti authorities forcibly pressured nearly 200,000 Palestinians to leave Kuwait. This forced expulsion was a response to the alignment of PLO leader Yasser Arafat with Saddam Hussein. They (oil rich Kuwait) also withdrew their financial support from the Palestinian cause due to PLO support of Saddam Hussein. This large political setback created the conditions that allowed for the PLO to begin talks with the United States and Israel. The First Palestinian Intifada ended with the Madrid Conference of 1991 and the signing of the Oslo Accords by Israel and the PLO in 1993.

     A second Intifada of 2000, triggered by Israeli PM Sharon declaring the temple Mount in Jerusalem to be "an eternal Israeli territory” lasted another several years and was characterized by suicide bombings and large numbers of civilian casualties, in a sort of prequel to current events.  In 2002, as the second Intifada raged on, Saudi Arabia offered a peace plan in The New York Times and at a summit meeting of the Arab League in Beirut.

The plan essentially called for full withdrawal, solution of the refugee problem through the Palestinian "right of return" to a Palestinian state with its capital in East Jerusalem in return for fully normalized relations by Israel with the whole Arab world. This proposal was the first to receive the unanimous backing of the Arab League. In response, Israeli Foreign Minister Peres said: "... the details of every peace plan must be discussed directly between Israel and the Palestinians, and to make this possible, the Palestinian Authority must put an end to terror." (Still waiting for that to happen!) Curiously, following the Saudi plan, In 2005, the United States Congress acknowledged that our regional “ally”, Saudi Arabia, had been funding Hamas and other Palestinian insurgency terrorist groups.

      In an effort of its own in 2005. Israel unilaterally evacuated settlements, and military outposts from the Gaza Strip and the northern West Bank. The Disengagement Plan was a proposal by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, adopted by the government and enacted in August 2005, to remove a permanent Israeli presence from the Gaza Strip and from four Israeli settlements in the northern West Bank. The civilians were evacuated (many forcibly) and the residential buildings demolished after August 15, and the disengagement from the Gaza Strip was completed on 12 September 2005, when the last Israeli soldier left. The military disengagement from the northern West Bank was completed ten days later.

     In January 2006, elections were held for the Palestinian Legislative Council. Hamas won these elections, and thus secured a majority of seats. Due to the nature of their Parliamentary system, this meant they also controlled the executive posts of the Palestinian Authority, including the Prime Minister's post, and the cabinet.  Hamas gained popular support because it appeared much more efficient and much less corrupt than Fatah (political, relatively non-violent). Unfortunately, it was also far more willing to resort to violence to achieve its aims.  While it built various institutions and social services. Hamas also openly declared that it did not intend to accept any recognition of Israel. It stated it would not accept the Oslo Accords and would not accept or recognize any negotiations with Israel. Throughout previous years, it had openly stated that it encouraged and organized attacks against Israel. This created a major change in previous Israeli-Palestinian interactions, which had previously been going through various periods of negotiations. This also signaled a huge step back from resolution, triggered by the Saudi plan and the Israeli unilateral withdrawal of 2005. 

    

     Most Western nations and international organizations did not give the Hamas led government official recognition and responded by cutting off funds and imposing other sanctions.  In June 2007, Hamas took control of Gaza, violently routing the forces of Fatah. This effectively severed control of the Palestinian territories. Those in the West Bank were under Fatah's control, with those in Gaza under the control of Hamas. Mahmoud Abbas, the Palestinian president, dissolved the government. The fighting had numerous casualties, and gave rise to even more refugees, who fled to Egypt and other countries.

 

       And so, we come to the present. With or without their Palestinian serfs’ approval, more than 100 years ago wealthy Arabs freely sold Jewish immigrants land on which their Arab tenants lived. Powerless against their former landlords, Palestinian Arabs turned their hatred upon the Jews. The holocaust left numerous European Jews stateless, so they fled to Palestine.   European nations, having made promises and pseudo-political divisions they had no ability to enforce or maintain, simply left. Fueled by cultural and religious hatred, Arab neighbors turned military force upon the new state of Israel after it took unilateral steps to create a nation. While Israel may have acted alone, they did not create an exclusionary policy until they were attacked on all sides. Meanwhile Arab states, having created a huge number of Palestinian refugees, did little to deal with them or incorporate them into their own Arab societies. In fact, due to Islamic sectarianism and lingering tribalism, some were regarded as poorly by others as if they were Israelis, not fellow Arabs.   

    

      Several wars and six decades later, even though Israel had withdrawn from Gaza, Hamas forces seized control in Gaza, ousted the Palestinian authority and destabilized the region. Hamas terrorists in Gaza built tunnels used for terrorist raids inside Israel, by its nature, terrorism endangers those who sponsor it, in this case Hamas and, unfortunately those innocent civilians in whose presence terrorists hide. In the face of Hamas' intransigence and continued terrorist actions, Israel was (is) faced with really only two choices: sit in Israel and allow continued tunnel incursions and rocket bombardments from and by Hamas or defend its own civilians. What Israel is doing has had horrific effects on civilians, yet what is the option?  If they do nothing, they will be continually assaulted. What did Britain do when the Germans lobbed v-1s and v-2s into London? They bombed Berlin, hardly a military or industrial target, and civilians died, same in Dresden, same in Frankfurt. There is a choice in Gaza as there was in Germany - stop projecting deadly force at your neighbors. Hamas isn't the moral standard setter for anyone. It is a rogue terrorist organization which has hijacked Gaza and endangered all its occupants. Where should world anger focus in the current situation? Stopping Hamas' use of deadly force. This may be hard since they have broken three cease fires since their action triggered the current horror. One fact remains certain:  Benjamin Netanyahu’s current methods and Hamas’ intransigence  will only serve to exacerbate an already inflamed situation.